However, condominium and gated community buildout is beginning to increase and an important question is whether the current wastewater treatment system can effectively accommodate such development. The area currently is not as densely developed as the nearby resort area of Hua Hin, but it does boast one of the longest (5 km) uninterrupted beach areas in Thailand (Figure 2 below). Because of its proximity to the nation’s capital it attracts both local Thais as well as international visitors. Cha-Am is located about 180 km south of Bangkok (Figure 1). Cha-Am, Thailand is one such coastal community and here the municipality decided to implement an aerated lagoon system to treat its wastewater. Clean water and appropriate wastewater treatment are particularly important in coastal resort areas that depend on water based recreational opportunities ( Smith 1991 Mihalic 2000 Roca and Villares 2008). Sachs and McArthur 2005 Montgomery and Elimelech 2007 Bartram and Cairncross 2010). 1 IntroductionĪdequate sanitation is of global concern and for developing countries it appears as one indicator for the Millennium Development Goals (e.g. The treatment fraction approach in PCSWWM was able to accurately represent the outlet concentrations of TSS, TKN, E. Observed concentrations at the outlet ranged between, 10 mg/L to 25.5 mg/L, 0.98 mg/L to 3.92 mg/L, 0.1 CFU/100 mL to 260 CFU/100 ml and 48 mg/L to 119 mg/L for TSS, TKN, E. Observed mean treatment efficiency was 51.9%, 77.3%, 99.6% and 9.4% for TSS, TKN, E. The dynamic wave method was used with observed inflow rates to generate a continuous water quality simulation from to.
Data on daily inflow rates, pump operation and bathymetric survey also were obtained from the system operator as model input.
Based on the observed water quality data distribution, Monte Carlo simulation was used (1 000 iterations, 20 times) to get the most probable input concentration for each pond to determine the appropriate treatment fractions for the model. The four ponds were considered as four storage zones in the model. coli), chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as evaporation measurements, were conducted on a bi-weekly basis for three months to calibrate the model. Water quality samplings for total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), Escherichia coli ( E. A personal computer version of the storm water management model, PCSWMM, was used to simulate the effluent quality of the treatment system. Cha-Am uses an aerated lagoon system consisting of three ponds and a natural wetland to treat the municipal wastewater. Water quality around Cha-Am, Thailand is of prime concern because of its extensive oceanfront beach area.
0 kommentar(er)
